Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Physicochemical Studies of Allium Sativum Linn. Bulb (liliaceae)

Allium sativum linn (Garlic) belong to family Liliaceae has been widely known since ancient times for medicinal use and for flavouring food. It contains large amount of sulphur containing compounds like Alliin, Allicin, Ajoene, Diallyl sulphide, Diallyl disulphide Diallyl trisulfide, Vinyldithiines which has beneficial activity including Antithrombotic, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antifungal and Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory etc. Ajoene is known as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by all known agonists which also a good inhibitor of tumour and antifungal property. The present study deals with pharmacognostical parameters for bulb of Allium sativum which mainly consist of the detailed macromorphology of cloves and bulb, microscopy and micrometry of transverse section of cloves of Allium sativum linn which has been carried out by using MOTIC Digital Microscope. The other parameters like physicochemical constant and phytochemical screening were studied. The study will provide referential information for the correct identification and standardization of crude drug. INTRODUCTION: Medicinal plants from ancient time were considered as the God’s gift to human beings as they are having profound use in the treatment of various dreadful diseases and disorders. Genus Allium is formally classified in the family Liliaceae, represented by 280 separate genera and 4000 species. Approximately 700 species of Allium, the edible members, including Onion (Allium cepa L.), Garlic (Allium sativum L.), Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.), Leek (Allium porrum L.) and Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) are highly prized. 1 QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.4(9).3524-31 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.4(9).3524-31 Garlic bulb contains more than 200 chemical compounds. Once it is crushed or chopped create dozens of new compound through many chemical reactions in which most important are sulphurcontaining compounds: Allicin, Ajoene, Vinyldithiines and Enzymes; allinase, peroxidase and myrosinase, also contains citral, aphellandrene, geraniol, β-phellandrene and linalool 2 . The main pharmacological activity of Allium sativum are fibrinolytic, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antiadrogenic, Hepatoprotective, Anticoagulant, Hypocholestermic, Antiarthritic, Antihypertensive, Hypoglycaemic, Larvicidal 1, 3, 4,